Taneda Y, Watanabe H
Dev Comp Immunol. 1982 Winter;6(1):43-52. doi: 10.1016/0145-305x(82)90006-4.
When two incompatible colonies of the compound ascidian, Botryllus primigenus Oka come into contact, a specific rejection, called "nonfusion" reaction (NFR), always occurs in the contact area between them. At the beginning of the NFR, concentrations of cells were always observed near the ampullae tips. In the present study, it was revealed that these cells appear to be blood cells infiltrating through the ampullae and were identified as morula cells (vanadocytes). When India ink was injected into vessels prior to the occurrence of NFR, it leaked from the tips of the ampullae into the test matrix, suggesting an increase in the permeability of the ampullar epidermis. Experimental studies to elucidate the mechanism of NFR were carried out. Contact between a colony piece and a zooid-free ampullae fragment or overlapping of one colony to another, respectively, resulted in NFR only at one side of a pair. Furthermore, in stage 3 of NFR, when an opaque area was pushed with a pair of forceps and the blood in this area was transferred to healthy part of vessels, the stoppage of blood flow and subsequent contraction of vessels always took place in the latter. These observations suggest that ampullae penetration into the opposite colony is essential to NFR and that NFR is directly initiated in the ampullar lumen.
当复合海鞘原植海鞘（Botryllus primigenus Oka）的两个不相容群体相互接触时，它们之间的接触区域总会发生一种特定的排斥反应，即“不融合”反应（NFR）。在NFR开始时，总能在壶腹尖端附近观察到细胞聚集。在本研究中，发现这些细胞似乎是通过壶腹浸润的血细胞，并被鉴定为桑椹细胞（钒细胞）。在NFR发生前向血管中注入印度墨水时，墨水会从壶腹尖端泄漏到测试基质中，这表明壶腹表皮的通透性增加。开展了阐明NFR机制的实验研究。群体片段与无游动孢子的壶腹片段接触或一个群体与另一个群体重叠，分别仅在一对中的一侧导致NFR。此外，在NFR的第3阶段，当用镊子推动不透明区域并将该区域的血液转移到血管的健康部分时，后者总会发生血流停止和随后的血管收缩。这些观察结果表明，壶腹穿透到相对的群体中对NFR至关重要，并且NFR直接在壶腹腔内启动。
