Moon R C, McCormick D L
J Am Acad Dermatol. 1982 Apr;6(4 Pt 2 Suppl):809-14. doi: 10.1016/s0190-9622(82)70070-2.
Retinoids are effective inhibitors of chemical carcinogenesis in the mammary gland, esophagus, and urinary bladder of experimental animals. Modification of the basic retinoid structure has produced retinoids with increased target organ specificity, resulting in increased anticancer activity with reduced systemic toxicity. Combining retinoid treatment with hormonal manipulation results in a synergistic inhibition of mammary carcinogenesis; this combination approach also inhibits mammary tumor recurrence following surgical removal of the first mammary tumor. Retinoids are most effective when administered shortly after the carcinogenic insult. However, even when retinoid treatment if delayed, the compounds are still effective cancer chemopreventive agents for the mammary gland and urinary bladder. The length of time that retinoid exposure can be delayed and retain an anticancer effect is directly related to tumor latency, with a longer delay permissible against tumors with long latent periods. Current research focuses on the identification of new retinoids with increased chemopreventive activity and decreased toxicity, and combination studies which will provide treatment regimens with increased anticancer activity as well as information pertaining to mechanisms of retinoid action.
类视黄醇是实验动物乳腺、食管和膀胱化学致癌作用的有效抑制剂。对基本类视黄醇结构的修饰产生了具有更高靶器官特异性的类视黄醇，从而提高了抗癌活性并降低了全身毒性。将类视黄醇治疗与激素调控相结合可协同抑制乳腺癌变；这种联合方法还能抑制首次乳腺肿瘤手术切除后的乳腺肿瘤复发。类视黄醇在致癌损伤后不久给药时效果最佳。然而，即使类视黄醇治疗延迟，这些化合物仍是乳腺和膀胱有效的癌症化学预防剂。类视黄醇暴露可延迟并保持抗癌作用的时间长度与肿瘤潜伏期直接相关，对于潜伏期长的肿瘤允许更长时间的延迟。当前的研究重点是鉴定具有更高化学预防活性和更低毒性的新型类视黄醇，以及联合研究，这些研究将提供具有更高抗癌活性的治疗方案以及与类视黄醇作用机制相关的信息。
