Cronin M J, Cheung C Y, Weiner R I, Goldsmith P C
Neuroendocrinology. 1982 Feb;34(2):140-7. doi: 10.1159/000123291.
A lesion of the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) results in enhanced secretion of prolactin and reduced release of the other hormones from the anterior pituitary. We measured the volume percentage of the prolactin-secreting mammotrophs, stained immunocytochemically, under several experimental conditions to assess the morphological correlated of the high secretion of prolactin. In addition, gonadotrophs were stained both tinctorially with the periodic acid-Schiff reagent and immunocytochemically with antibodies to luteinizing hormone. Anterior pituitaries were studied from female rats which were: (1) cycling, (2) ovariectomized for 2 weeks, (3) ovariectomized for 2 weeks with a lesion of the MBH for 1, 14 and 21 days. The volume percentage of mammotrophs and gonadotrophs in the lateral, central and middle fields of the anterior pituitary was determined and this measurement was expressed relative to endocrine cellular area so that vascular space and necrotic regions would not be included in the assessment. Ovariectomy significantly decreased mammotroph and increased gonadotroph volume percentage when compared to the intact animals. MBH lesions had the opposite effect. At 14 and 21 days after a lesion, the volume percentage of mammotrophs was significantly greater than in the intact rat, while the volume percentage of gonadotrophs was identical to that observed in the intact rat. These data suggest that the elimination of the prolactin-inhibitory hormone(s) of the MBH result in hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of mammotrophs. This effect occurs in the absence of ovarian and may be of importance in the induction of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. The data also support the hypothesis that destruction of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron terminals countermands the hypertrophy of gonadotrophs induced by ovariectomy.
内侧基底下丘脑（MBH）损伤会导致催乳素分泌增加，而垂体前叶其他激素的释放减少。我们在几种实验条件下，通过免疫细胞化学染色测量了分泌催乳素的乳腺促性腺激素细胞的体积百分比，以评估催乳素高分泌的形态学相关性。此外，用高碘酸-希夫试剂对促性腺激素细胞进行染色，并使用促黄体生成素抗体进行免疫细胞化学染色。对以下几组雌性大鼠的垂体前叶进行了研究：（1）处于发情周期的；（2）双侧卵巢切除2周的；（3）双侧卵巢切除2周且MBH损伤1天、14天和21天的。测定了垂体前叶外侧、中央和中间区域乳腺促性腺激素细胞和促性腺激素细胞的体积百分比，并将该测量结果相对于内分泌细胞面积表示，以便在评估中不包括血管间隙和坏死区域。与完整动物相比，卵巢切除显著降低了乳腺促性腺激素细胞的体积百分比，并增加了促性腺激素细胞的体积百分比。MBH损伤则产生相反的效果。损伤后14天和21天，乳腺促性腺激素细胞的体积百分比显著高于完整大鼠，而促性腺激素细胞的体积百分比与完整大鼠中观察到的相同。这些数据表明，MBH中催乳素抑制激素的消除导致乳腺促性腺激素细胞肥大和/或增生。这种效应在没有卵巢的情况下发生，可能在催乳素分泌型垂体腺瘤的诱导中起重要作用。数据还支持以下假设，即促性腺激素释放激素神经元终末的破坏抵消了卵巢切除诱导的促性腺激素细胞肥大。
