Bixenman W W, von Noorden G K
Ophthalmology. 1982 Jan;89(1):58-62. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(82)34862-9.
The average location of the fovea in relation to the optic nerve head was determined on fixation photographs from both eyes of 50 non-strabismic subjects. It was found to be 0.3 disc diameters below a horizontal line extended through the geometric center of the optic disc. The range of interocular and inter-individual variations from this position has been described. With the availability of this information, ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography have become useful ancillary tools in the diagnosis of cyclodeviations.
