Smith G A, Nickels J S, Bobbie R J, Richards N L, White D C
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1982;11(1):17-23. doi: 10.1007/BF01055181.
Well-drilling fluid and a number of the known components (barite, clay, Aldacide, Surflo, and Dowicide, were tested for effects on the biomass and community structure of the microbiota that colonize marine sands exposed for eight weeks to running ambient seawater. Shading the microbiota from light depressed the microflora without a significant effect on the biomass, while well-drilling fluids layered on the surface or mixed with the sand significantly increased a component of the bacteria and the microfauna as reflected in changes in the fatty acid composition. There were some shading effects from the surface layering of well-drilling fluids as reflected in the fatty acids from the microflora when compared to the sands mixed with well-drilling fluids. Barite had essentially no effect on the biomass or community structure while clays increased nearly all of the biomass indicators for the bacteria as well as the microfauna; the clay overlay mirrors the effect of the drilling fluids. Aldacide shifted the bacterial composition, depressing the proportions of microbes containing the cyclopropane fatty acids and the anaerobic pathways of desaturation. Concentrations of 1 and 15 microgram/L increased the bacterial biomass as reflected in the total lipid (16:0) and extractable lipid phosphate coupled with a decrease in the total microeukaryotes. Surflo increased the biomass and shifted the bacterial community structure at concentrations between 4 and 800 microgram/L. The lowest level also stimulated the microfauna. Dowicide at 100 microgram/L increased the bacteria forming cis-vaccenic acid and the microfauna similar to low concentrations of Surflo.
对钻井液以及一些已知成分（重晶石、黏土、克菌丹、Surflo和多菌灵）进行了测试，以研究它们对定殖在暴露于流动环境海水中达八周的海砂上的微生物群的生物量和群落结构的影响。对微生物群进行遮光处理会抑制微生物区系，而对生物量没有显著影响，而铺在表面或与沙子混合的钻井液会使细菌和小型动物区系的一个组分显著增加，这在脂肪酸组成变化中得以体现。与与钻井液混合的沙子相比，钻井液表面分层对微生物区系脂肪酸有一定遮光影响。重晶石对生物量或群落结构基本没有影响，而黏土几乎增加了细菌以及小型动物区系的所有生物量指标；黏土覆盖层反映了钻井液的影响。克菌丹改变了细菌组成，降低了含环丙烷脂肪酸的微生物比例以及不饱和化的厌氧途径。1微克/升和15微克/升的浓度使细菌生物量增加，这在总脂质（16:0）和可提取脂质磷酸盐中得以体现，同时总微型真核生物减少。Surflo在4微克/升至800微克/升的浓度范围内增加了生物量并改变了细菌群落结构。最低浓度还刺激了小型动物区系。100微克/升的多菌灵增加了形成顺式- vaccenic酸的细菌和小型动物区系，类似于低浓度的Surflo。
