Goldman H, Antonioli D A
Hum Pathol. 1982 May;13(5):423-48. doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(82)80026-9.
The past decade has occasioned the development and extensive use of flexible endoscopes for visualization of large areas of the alimentary tract. Numerous small grasp biopsies are now performed to determine the diagnosis and course of a large variety of inflammatory and neoplastic disorders. In this review, the authors have concentrated on the uses and interpretation of endoscopy and biopsy of the upper alimentary tract including the esophagus, stomach, and proximal duodenum. They have also commented on the limitations of endoscopic biopsy with respect to its size, superficial nature, and imperfect orientation in the evaluation of some disorders.
在过去十年中，可弯曲内窥镜得到了发展并被广泛用于观察消化道的大片区域。现在，人们会进行大量的小钳取活检来确定各种炎症性和肿瘤性疾病的诊断及病程。在这篇综述中，作者重点关注了上消化道（包括食管、胃和十二指肠近端）内窥镜检查和活检的用途及解读。他们还评论了内窥镜活检在评估某些疾病时，在样本大小、取材表浅性质以及定位不完美方面的局限性。
