Pihl R O, Marinier R, Lapp J, Drake H
Int J Addict. 1982 Feb;17(2):259-69. doi: 10.3109/10826088209071010.
One thousand one hundred and eighty-seven women were interviewed concerning their use of psychotropic medication, health and visits to physicians, use of tobacco and alcohol, and life-style and general satisfaction. Subjects were categorized as high, moderate, and non-consumers of psychotropes; respectively, 5.5%, 22.6%, and 71.9% of the sample. High drug consumers typically were older, reported being in poorer health, visited physicians more frequently (and more frequently for undefined reasons), rated themselves as more unhappy, were less well educated, were more likely unemployed, smoked more but drank less alcohol, and were more likely unemployed, smoked more but drank less alcohol, and were more likely to have children than the moderate users or abstainers. The findings are shown to support in part the hypotheses that social and psychological problems of women are expressed vaguely and subsequently are more likely medicalized than those of men. The implications of these findings for drug prevention programs and future research are discussed.
就使用精神药物、健康状况及就医情况、烟草和酒精使用以及生活方式和总体满意度等问题，对1187名女性进行了访谈。受试者被分为精神药物高消费、中等消费和非消费人群，分别占样本的5.5%、22.6%和71.9%。高药物消费者通常年龄较大，报告健康状况较差，就医更频繁（且更多是因不明原因），自我评价更不幸福，受教育程度较低，更可能失业，吸烟更多但饮酒较少，且比中等消费者或不使用者更可能育有子女。研究结果部分支持了以下假设：女性的社会和心理问题表现得较为模糊，因此比男性的问题更有可能被医学化。讨论了这些发现对药物预防项目和未来研究的启示。
