Leonard L G, Scheulen J J, Munster A M
J Trauma. 1982 May;22(5):420-3. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198205000-00013.
Chemical burns account for a relatively small proportion of the patients treated within a burn center; however, certain characteristics of these injuries, particularly in the initial stages of treatment, justify their separate consideration and review. Thirty-five patients were treated in the Baltimore Regional Burn Center from July 1976 through June 1980, with 14 different agents involved. The majority of injuries were work related; however, 20% were the result of assault. All patients received copious water lavage as primary therapy. In approximately one half of the patients this was begun as a first-aid measure at the scene of the accident. Compared to the group which did not receive lavage until admission to the hospital, the patients receiving appropriate first aid showed significantly less full-thickness injury and more than twofold shorter hospital stay, indicating the importance of public and industrial medical awareness of the role of immediate copious lavage. The problems of systemic toxicity with and specific therapy for certain agents is discussed with particular attention given to an unusual case involving cutaneous absorption of dichromate.
在烧伤中心接受治疗的患者中，化学烧伤占比相对较小；然而，这些损伤的某些特征，尤其是在治疗初期，使其有理由得到单独的考量和审视。1976年7月至1980年6月期间，巴尔的摩地区烧伤中心共治疗了35名患者，涉及14种不同的化学制剂。大多数损伤与工作有关；不过，20%是袭击所致。所有患者均接受大量清水冲洗作为主要治疗方法。约一半患者在事故现场就开始将其作为急救措施。与直到入院才接受冲洗的患者组相比，接受适当急救的患者全层损伤明显较少，住院时间缩短了两倍多，这表明公众和工业医疗界认识到立即大量冲洗的重要性。文中讨论了某些制剂的全身毒性问题及特定治疗方法，并特别关注了一例涉及重铬酸盐经皮肤吸收的特殊病例。
