Koskiniemi K
Nord Vet Med. 1982 Jan-Feb;34(1-2):13-9.
The study comprises 647 reported teat injuries occurring in 212 farms over a period of four years. The farms had an average of 10.9 cows or total of some 2300 cows annually. The annual incidence of teat injury in each herd was calculated. There were 3 types of cowsheds in this material: 1) Short standing cowsheds with a dung grid, the incidence of teat injury being 9.1 +/- 8.7 per 100 cows per annum, 2) short standing cowsheds with a solid manure system, the incidence being 4.1 +/- 5.2 per 100 cows per annum and 3) long standing cowsheds with a solid manure system, the incidence being 5.7 +/- 7.8 per 100 cows per annum. There are significant differences between incidences 1 and 2 as well as between the indicences 1 and 3. In short standing cowsheds the stall length had a strong influence on the incidence of teat injury: the longer the short stall, the less the incidence of teat injury. In modern cowsheds there were less teat injuries than in older cowsheds.
该研究涵盖了四年间在212个农场发生的647起报告的乳头损伤事件。这些农场平均每年有10.9头奶牛，总计约2300头奶牛。计算了每个牛群中乳头损伤的年发病率。该材料中有三种类型的牛舍：1）带有粪便格栅的短站立式牛舍，乳头损伤发病率为每年每100头奶牛9.1±8.7例；2）采用固体粪便处理系统的短站立式牛舍，发病率为每年每100头奶牛4.1±5.2例；3）采用固体粪便处理系统的长站立式牛舍，发病率为每年每100头奶牛5.7±7.8例。发病率1和2之间以及发病率1和3之间存在显著差异。在短站立式牛舍中，牛栏长度对乳头损伤发病率有很大影响：短牛栏越长，乳头损伤发病率越低。在现代牛舍中，乳头损伤比旧牛舍中少。
