Shoham S, Teitelbaum P
Physiol Behav. 1982 Feb;28(2):323-33. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(82)90082-8.
Following extensive bilateral lateral hypothalamic damage, rats appear "somnolent." Cortical EEG shows persistent high voltage delta, reinforcing the impression of sleep. Preoperatively and postoperatively, we simultaneously measured cortical and subcortical (hippocampal and pontine) EEG, muscular events (neck muscle EMG and eye movement EOG), and behavior, which, as aggregates, differentially define quiet sleep, active sleep, and waking. Postoperatively, though cortical activity was persistently slow, subcortical EEG, muscular events, and behavior, as aggregates, revealed quiet sleep, active sleep, and waking, organized subcortically, intact and alternating, but disconnected from the persistent slow cortical activity. For example, preoperatively, active sleep included cortical low voltage fast activity, hippocampal theta, episodic pontine spike bursts, flat EMG, nd rapid eye movements, without any organized behavior. Postoperatively, the same aggregate of subcortical and muscular events indicated the presence of active sleep. Similarly so, for subcortically organized quiet sleep and spontaneous waking. Such waking, termed "drowsy-wakefulness," is a low-arousal form, perhaps related to drowsiness in other species, and to human hypersomnia.
在双侧下丘脑外侧广泛受损后，大鼠表现出“嗜睡”。皮层脑电图显示持续的高电压δ波，强化了睡眠的印象。术前和术后，我们同时测量了皮层和皮层下（海马和脑桥）脑电图、肌肉活动（颈部肌肉肌电图和眼球运动眼电图）以及行为，这些综合起来可以区分安静睡眠、主动睡眠和清醒状态。术后，尽管皮层活动持续缓慢，但皮层下脑电图、肌肉活动和行为综合起来显示出安静睡眠、主动睡眠和清醒状态，这些状态在皮层下有组织地完整交替出现，但与持续缓慢的皮层活动脱节。例如，术前，主动睡眠包括皮层低电压快活动、海马θ波、阵发性脑桥棘波爆发、肌电图平坦以及快速眼球运动，没有任何有组织的行为。术后，同样的皮层下和肌肉活动综合表现表明存在主动睡眠。安静睡眠和自发清醒在皮层下的组织情况也是如此。这种清醒状态被称为“昏沉清醒”，是一种低唤醒形式，可能与其他物种的嗜睡以及人类的发作性睡病有关。
