Castrén J, Rutanen H, Aho J
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1982 Apr;53(4):393-7.
This study was undertaken to explain the possible correlation between heterophoria and stereopsis because, in the literature, there are different opinions. The subjects were 806 recruits. They were trained as rangefinder men, of whom a perfect stereopsis is required. The permitted maximal limits of heterophoria were 1 prism diopter (PrD) vertically, of esophoria 5 PrD, and of exophoria 6 PrD. Soldiers wit abnormal stereopsis, myopia, hyperopia more than 1.75, or astigmatism over 0.50 diopters, were omitted. The heterophoria was tested with Herschel's prism to 5 m distance. The stereoscopic vision was investigated using Pulfrich's device and the so-called three-needle test. No statistically significant correlation could be demonstrated between heterophoria and the degree of stereopsis. Surprisingly, it could be noticed that persons with esopheria finshed Pulfrich's test more quickly than those with exophoria. This difference was statistically highly significant. In the three-needle test, the results had the same trend. This might have some importance to rangefinder men and to pilots if it can be confirmed in the military practice.
本研究旨在解释隐斜视与立体视之间可能存在的相关性，因为文献中有不同观点。研究对象为806名新兵。他们接受测距员训练，而测距员需要具备完美的立体视。隐斜视的允许最大极限为垂直方向1棱镜度（PrD），内隐斜为5 PrD，外隐斜为6 PrD。有异常立体视、近视、远视超过1.75或散光超过0.50屈光度的士兵被排除。使用赫歇尔棱镜在5米距离测试隐斜视。使用普尔弗里希装置和所谓的三针测试研究立体视觉。隐斜视与立体视程度之间未显示出统计学上的显著相关性。令人惊讶的是，可以注意到内隐斜患者完成普尔弗里希测试的速度比外隐斜患者更快。这种差异在统计学上具有高度显著性。在三针测试中，结果有相同趋势。如果能在军事实践中得到证实，这可能对测距员和飞行员有一定重要性。
