Castrén J, Stjernschantz J, Aho J
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1978 May;49(5):737-41.
Heterophoria, its influence on stereopsis, and the importance of cycloplegia in refraction testing of pilot applicants were studied. Distant heterophoria was found in 94.5-100% while near heterophoria was found in 86.9-98.1% of the cases, depending on the test used. Hyperphoria of over 1 prism diopter was extremely rare. No statistically significant correlation between distant heterophoria and the degree of stereopsis could be demonstrated at a range of up to at least 6 prism diopters. Cycloplegia induced a mean difference of +0.75 diopter in refraction before and during cycloplegia. Eight percent of the applicants failed because of refractive errors (spherical extremes, -0.75 diopter and +4.50 diopters; cylindrical extreme, 1.25 diopters). It is concluded that stereopsis does not seem to be affected much by heterophoria within moderate limits, and that cycloplegia in refraction testing of young pilot applicants must be considered relatively important.
研究了隐斜视、其对立体视的影响以及睫状肌麻痹在飞行员申请者屈光测试中的重要性。根据所使用的测试方法，远距离隐斜视在94.5%-100%的病例中被发现，近距离隐斜视在86.9%-98.1%的病例中被发现。超过1棱镜度的上隐斜极为罕见。在至少6棱镜度的范围内，远距离隐斜视与立体视程度之间未显示出统计学上的显著相关性。睫状肌麻痹导致麻痹前后屈光平均差异为+0.75屈光度。8%的申请者因屈光不正（球镜极限，-0.75屈光度和+4.50屈光度；柱镜极限，1.25屈光度）而不合格。得出的结论是，在适度范围内，立体视似乎不太受隐斜视的影响，并且在年轻飞行员申请者的屈光测试中，睫状肌麻痹必须被认为是相对重要的。
