Boor P J, Ferrans V J
Lab Invest. 1982 Jul;47(1):76-86.
Ultrastructural studies were made of the early changes induced in left ventricular myocardium by allylamine given to rats either in drinking water (10.7 mM for 1 to 7 days) or by gavage (100 mg. per kg. per day for 1 or 2 days). Rats on the drinking water protocol developed myocardial alterations evident by light and electron microscopy within 2 days; those given allylamine by gavage developed lesions after 24 hours. The earliest alteration consisted on interstitial edema and "activation" of interstitial cells possessing an oblong shape, abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, occasional lysosomes, a prominent Golgi apparatus, few mitochondria, and large irregular nuclei (often with a typical "Anitschkow" morphology). Mitoses of these interstitial cells were frequent. Mitoses were also observed in endothelial cells. Acute myocardial necrosis, which developed after 6 days of the drinking water protocol or one gavage dose, was characterized by focal myofibrillar degeneration with lipid droplet accumulation and Z-line distortion and dissolution, especially prominent in areas of intercellular junctions. These focal lesions coalesced to involve whole myocytes with severe myofibrillar degeneration and contraction band necrosis. Mitochondria of severely altered cells were swollen and contained dense inclusions. Nuclei had prominent nucleoli and, in severely necrotic cells, clumped and irregular chromatin. Large areas of necrotic myocardium showed extravasated red blood cells and minimal intra- and extracellular deposition of fibrin. Vascular necrosis or thrombosis was not seen. A prompt inflammatory infiltrate was composed predominantly of macrophages invading necrotic myocytes, with occasional polymorphonuclear neutrophilic and eosinophilic leukocytes.
对大鼠进行了超微结构研究，观察给予烯丙胺后左心室心肌的早期变化。给予大鼠的烯丙胺，一种是通过饮水（10.7 mM，持续1至7天），另一种是通过灌胃（每天每千克100 mg，持续1或2天）。采用饮水方式给予烯丙胺的大鼠在2天内通过光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察到心肌改变；通过灌胃给予烯丙胺的大鼠在24小时后出现病变。最早的改变包括间质水肿和间质细胞“活化”，这些间质细胞呈长方形，有丰富的粗面内质网、偶尔可见的溶酶体、显著的高尔基体、少量线粒体以及大的不规则核（通常具有典型的“阿绍夫小体”形态）。这些间质细胞有频繁的有丝分裂。在内皮细胞中也观察到有丝分裂。在饮水方式给予烯丙胺6天或一次灌胃剂量后出现的急性心肌坏死，其特征为局灶性肌原纤维变性，伴有脂滴积聚以及Z线扭曲和溶解，在细胞间连接区域尤为明显。这些局灶性病变融合累及整个心肌细胞，伴有严重的肌原纤维变性和收缩带坏死。严重改变的细胞的线粒体肿胀并含有致密包涵体。细胞核有明显的核仁，在严重坏死的细胞中，染色质聚集且不规则。大片坏死心肌显示红细胞外渗以及纤维蛋白在细胞内和细胞外的少量沉积。未见血管坏死或血栓形成。迅速出现的炎症浸润主要由侵入坏死心肌细胞的巨噬细胞组成，偶尔有多形核中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞。
