Lewine R R, Watt N F, Prentky R A, Fryer J H
Br J Psychiatry. 1978 Oct;133:347-57. doi: 10.1192/bjp.133.4.347.
Teachers' comments in the childhood school records (grades K-12) of 143 psychiatric patients and their matched controls were coded along 23 bipolar dimensions. Two methods of grouping these scales were compared: rational clusters and factor analysis. Factor analysis yielded more numerous and narrowly defined behavioural groupings. Schizophrenics, personality disorder patients, neurotics, and depressives were compared to their matched controls on each of the cluster and factor scores. Both schizophrenics and personality disordered patients were significantly less agreeable in childhood than their respective controls. Pre-schizophrenics also were significantly more unstable. Depressives were more independent than their controls, while neurotics did not differ significantly in any respect from normals in childhood. The data suggest that schizophrenia may have specific developmental patterns of possible aetiological or early diagnostic significance.
对143名精神病患者及其匹配对照儿童时期（幼儿园至12年级）学校记录中的教师评语，按照23个两极维度进行编码。比较了两种对这些量表进行分组的方法：合理聚类和因子分析。因子分析产生了更多数量且定义更窄的行为分组。将精神分裂症患者、人格障碍患者、神经症患者和抑郁症患者在每个聚类和因子得分上与其匹配对照进行比较。精神分裂症患者和人格障碍患者在童年时期的随和性均显著低于各自的对照。精神分裂症前驱者也显著更不稳定。抑郁症患者比其对照更独立，而神经症患者在童年时期在任何方面与正常人相比均无显著差异。数据表明，精神分裂症可能具有特定的发育模式，可能具有病因学或早期诊断意义。
