van Kammen D P, Bunney W E, Docherty J P, Marder S R, Ebert M H, Rosenblatt J E, Rayner J N
Am J Psychiatry. 1982 Aug;139(8):991-7. doi: 10.1176/ajp.139.8.991.
In this placebo-paired, double-blind study, 13 of 45 schizophrenic patients showed an acute improvement in schizophrenic symptoms following d-amphetamine infusion (20 mg). The 18 patients who worsened tended to have higher CSF 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol levels than did those who improved. d-Amphetamine blood levels and clinical descriptors of schizophrenic subgroups did not differentiate patients who improved from those who worsened; however, patients who improved had been significantly more psychotic before the infusion. Patients who worsened had been more psychotic than those who did not change. The authors suggest that those who did not change. The authors suggest that sensitivity to dopamine stimulation in schizophrenia is state-dependent rather than trait-dependent and that the simple, undirectional hypothesis of schizophrenia needs to be reformulated.
在这项安慰剂对照的双盲研究中，45名精神分裂症患者中有13名在输注d - 苯丙胺（20毫克）后精神分裂症症状出现急性改善。病情恶化的18名患者脑脊液中3 - 甲氧基 - 4 - 羟基苯乙二醇水平往往高于病情改善的患者。d - 苯丙胺血药浓度以及精神分裂症亚组的临床描述指标并不能区分病情改善和恶化的患者；然而，病情改善的患者在输注前精神症状明显更严重。病情恶化的患者比病情未变化的患者精神症状更严重。作者认为，精神分裂症患者对多巴胺刺激的敏感性是状态依赖性而非特质依赖性，并且精神分裂症简单的单向假设需要重新制定。
