Chambless L E, Greenberg B G
Ann Intern Med. 1982 Jun;96(6 Pt 2):912-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-96-6-912.
Analysis of statistical methods used in matched case-control studies of toxic shock syndrome shows that matching has implications for validity and precision of the studies and for the choice of analysis techniques. The studies considered accounted for the matching in the analysis, either by the Mantel-Haenszel or Miettinen-Pike-Morrow approach to 1-to-M matched designs, or by the use of conditional maximum likelihood fitting of logistic regression models. Methods of dealing with confounding and effect modification in the (matched) logistic regression model are presented in the context of studies of toxic shock syndrome. The varied statistical techniques used in these studies were generally appropriate to the matched design except that nonmatching variables were not thoroughly considered as effect modifiers or confounders.
对中毒性休克综合征配对病例对照研究中使用的统计方法进行分析表明，配对对研究的有效性、精确性以及分析技术的选择均有影响。所考虑的研究在分析中对配对进行了处理，要么采用Mantel-Haenszel法或Miettinen-Pike-Morrow法处理1对M的配对设计，要么使用逻辑回归模型的条件最大似然拟合。在中毒性休克综合征研究的背景下，介绍了在（配对）逻辑回归模型中处理混杂和效应修饰的方法。这些研究中使用的各种统计技术通常适用于配对设计，只是未将非配对变量充分视为效应修饰因素或混杂因素。
