Marshall L, Gossman M A
Arch Otolaryngol. 1982 Jun;108(6):357-61. doi: 10.1001/archotol.1982.00790540029008.
Thresholds were measured at 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, 6,000, and 8,000 Hz in 20 normal adult ears and in ten ears from adults with varying amounts of ear-canal collapse. To alleviate the attenuation caused by ear-canal collapse, ear-canal inserts, postauricular pads, or circumaural cushions (Telephonics 510-020) were used with earphones (TDH-49). The circumaural cushions provided the lowest thresholds for the listeners with ear-canal collapse. Although thresholds with the ear-canal inserts were comparable to those with the circumaural cushions for many of the listeners, the ear-canal inserts were not suitable for listeners with more severe ear-canal collapse because the insert was displaced when the supra-aural cushion was placed on the pinna. Thresholds with the postauricular pinna pads were higher than with the circumaural cushions for most individuals.
在20只正常成人耳朵以及10只存在不同程度耳道塌陷的成人耳朵中，测量了250、500、1000、2000、3000、4000、6000和8000赫兹的听阈。为减轻耳道塌陷引起的衰减，使用了耳道插入物、耳后垫或环形耳垫（Telephonics 510 - 020）与耳机（TDH - 49）配合使用。环形耳垫为耳道塌陷的听众提供了最低的听阈。尽管对于许多听众而言，耳道插入物的听阈与环形耳垫相当，但耳道插入物并不适合耳道塌陷更严重的听众，因为当耳上垫放置在耳廓上时，插入物会移位。对于大多数人来说，耳后耳廓垫的听阈高于环形耳垫。
