Smith T W, Brehm S S
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1981 Jun;40(6):1137-49. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.40.6.1137.
The present study investigated the influence of the Type A coronary-prone behavior pattern on attribution processes. Given the exaggerated achievement striving and competitiveness of Type A's, it was predicted that these individuals would be more motivated to succeed in a prisoner's dilemma game than would Type B's. Increased motivation to succeed was predicted to lead Type A's to exaggerate the amount of dispositional information they would believe they had inferred from observing the behavior of a future opponent, since such a belief would lead to increased confidence about predicting the target's behavior and thus increase subjects' perceived control over the outcome. Results supported the predictions when the hard-driving competitiveness dimension of the Type A pattern was used as the individual difference variable. Moreover, evaluations of future opponents in the prisoner's dilemma game also differed as a function of the hard-driving competitive dimension. Results are discussed in terms of a person by situation interactive model of motivational influences on attribution processes, and in terms of potential interpersonal effects of the cognitive behavior of Type A individuals.
本研究调查了A型冠心病易发行为模式对归因过程的影响。鉴于A型人格者有过度的成就追求和竞争意识，预计这些个体在囚徒困境博弈中比B型人格者更有成功的动力。预计成功动力的增加会导致A型人格者夸大他们认为从观察未来对手的行为中推断出的性格信息的数量，因为这样的信念会增加对预测目标行为的信心，从而增强受试者对结果的感知控制。当将A型模式的强硬竞争维度用作个体差异变量时，结果支持了这些预测。此外，囚徒困境博弈中对未来对手的评价也因强硬竞争维度而异。根据动机对归因过程影响的人×情境交互模型，以及A型个体认知行为的潜在人际效应来讨论结果。
