Weinraub M, Putney E
Child Dev. 1978 Sep;49(3):598-603.
The effects of absolute height of an approaching unfamiliar person and height of the person relative to the infants' viewing height on infants' social responsiveness were investigated. 48 infants, 9--12 months old, were observed as 2 tall (6 feet, 2 inches) and 2 short (5 feet, 6 inches) male strangers approached them. Infants were divided into 3 viewing height groups: low (35 inches from the floor), medium (53 inches), and high (72 inches). Facial expresion, gase aversion, fretting/fussing, and directional movement were measured as the strangers touched the infants. Infants did not respond more negatively to tall versus short strangers. However, they did respond more negatively as a function of viewing-height condition. Infants who were in the low and medium conditions showed more movement away, more gaze aversion, and less concentration than infants in the highest viewing condition. These observations are explained ethologically in terms of an inborn predisposition to respond negatively to towering stimuli in unfamiliar settings. The importance of a multideterminant model of infants' social responses to unfamiliar persons is emphasized.
研究了接近的陌生人的绝对身高以及该人与婴儿观看高度的相对身高对婴儿社交反应的影响。观察了48名9至12个月大的婴儿，有两名高个子（6英尺2英寸）和两名矮个子（5英尺6英寸）男性陌生人接近他们。婴儿被分为3个观看高度组：低（离地面35英寸）、中（53英寸）和高（72英寸）。当陌生人触摸婴儿时，测量其面部表情、眼神回避、烦躁/哭闹和定向移动。婴儿对高个子和矮个子陌生人的反应并没有更消极。然而，他们确实根据观看高度条件做出了更消极的反应。处于低和中条件的婴儿比处于最高观看条件的婴儿表现出更多的远离动作、更多的眼神回避和更少的注意力集中。从行为学角度来看，这些观察结果可以解释为在陌生环境中对高耸刺激产生消极反应的一种先天倾向。强调了婴儿对陌生人社交反应的多因素模型的重要性。
