Saad M M, Doyle W J, Gest T R
Acta Anat (Basel). 1982;112(2):117-30. doi: 10.1159/000145503.
The purpose of this study was to provide a description of the morphology of the middle ear and related structures in the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta. From these descriptions, it can be seen that except for relative size differences, the middle ear system of the rhesus monkey bears close resemblance to that of man. The basic architecture is the same, thereby providing an anatomic foundation for the observed similarities in function [Cantekin et al,, 1981]. The few differences between the two systems can be summarized as follow: (1) The angle of inclination of the medial wall on the parasagittal plane is more acute in the rhesus monkey than in man. (2) The shape of the tympanic membrane in the monkey is almost circular compared to the irregular oval shape in man. (3) Differences in the shape of the ossicles as well as differences of relative measurements and angles between the parts of the ossicles were observed. (4) A major difference involves the pneumatic system and most prominently, the absence of a definite mastoid process in the monkey. However, the mastoid portion of the temporal bone is still very cellular in the majority of the specimens and communicates with the middle ear cavity through a well-defined mastoid antrum. The well-developed and extremely cellular petrous bulla in the monkey is absent in man.
本研究的目的是描述恒河猴（猕猴属）中耳及相关结构的形态。从这些描述中可以看出，除了相对大小差异外，恒河猴的中耳系统与人类的中耳系统极为相似。基本结构相同，从而为观察到的功能相似性提供了解剖学基础[坎特金等人，1981年]。这两个系统之间的一些差异可总结如下：（1）在矢状旁平面上，恒河猴内侧壁的倾斜角度比人类更尖锐。（2）与人类不规则的椭圆形鼓膜相比，猴子的鼓膜形状几乎是圆形的。（3）观察到听小骨形状的差异以及听小骨各部分之间相对测量值和角度的差异。（4）一个主要差异涉及气腔系统，最明显的是，猴子没有明确的乳突。然而，在大多数标本中，颞骨的乳突部分仍然细胞非常丰富，并通过一个明确的乳突窦与中耳腔相通。猴子中发育良好且细胞极其丰富的岩部大泡在人类中不存在。
