Wolff P H, Waber D, Bauermeister M, Cohen C, Ferber R
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1982 Jul;23(3):267-79. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1982.tb00072.x.
The neuropsychological status and neuromotor performance of adolescent boys from lower middle class social environments who were detained as juvenile delinquents were compared to those of non-delinquent, lower and upper middle class controls. The delinquent index group showed pervasive impairment on all language measures, relative to both control groups, but did not differ from the latter on most neuropsychological measures that do not involve linguistic processing. Delinquents also demonstrated more minor neurological signs than either of the control groups; in the delinquents, but not in the control groups, neurological status predicted language performance.
将来自社会经济环境为中下层、因青少年犯罪而被拘留的男孩的神经心理状况和神经运动表现，与非犯罪的中下层和上层中产阶级对照组进行了比较。相对于两个对照组，犯罪指数组在所有语言测量中均表现出普遍受损，但在大多数不涉及语言处理的神经心理测量中与后者没有差异。犯罪者还表现出比任何一个对照组更多的轻微神经学体征；在犯罪者中，而不是在对照组中，神经学状况可预测语言表现。
