Moffitt T E, Silva P A
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1988 Oct;16(5):553-69. doi: 10.1007/BF00914266.
This study was designed to evaluate the possibility that a pattern of cognitive deficit is associated with delinquent behavior, while avoiding some of the methodological problems of previous research. The Self-Report Early Delinquency instrument and a research battery of neuropsychological tests were administered blindly to an unselected cohort of 678 13-year-olds. Because the diagnosis of attention deficit disorder (ADD) was found at markedly elevated rates in the backgrounds of these delinquents, the possibility was examined that the neuropsychological deficits of delinquents might be limited to delinquents with histories of ADD. Although delinquents with past ADD were more cognitively impaired than non-ADD delinquents, both groups scored significantly below nondelinquents on verbal, visuospatial, and visual-motor integration skills. In addition, ADD delinquents scored poorly on memory abilities. Subjects with ADD who had not developed delinquent behavior were not as cognitively impaired as ADD delinquents, suggesting that it is the specific comorbidity of ADD and delinquency that bears neuropsychological study.
本研究旨在评估认知缺陷模式与犯罪行为相关的可能性，同时避免以往研究中的一些方法学问题。对678名13岁未经过挑选的队列人群盲目施测自我报告早期犯罪工具和一系列神经心理学测试。由于在这些犯罪青少年的背景中发现注意力缺陷障碍（ADD）的诊断率明显升高，因此研究了犯罪青少年的神经心理学缺陷可能仅限于有ADD病史的犯罪青少年的可能性。尽管有过ADD病史的犯罪青少年比无ADD病史的犯罪青少年在认知上受损更严重，但两组在语言、视觉空间和视觉运动整合技能方面的得分均显著低于非犯罪青少年。此外，有ADD病史的犯罪青少年在记忆能力方面得分较低。未出现犯罪行为的ADD受试者在认知上不如ADD犯罪青少年受损严重，这表明ADD与犯罪行为的特定共病情况值得进行神经心理学研究。
