Fidler I J, Hart I R
Science. 1982 Sep 10;217(4564):998-1003. doi: 10.1126/science.7112116.
Whether neoplasms are unicellular or multicellular in their origin, the process of tumor evolution and progression can rapidly generate biological diversity. Metastases result from the survival and proliferation of specialized subpopulations of cells within the parent tumor. Metastases may have a clonal origin and different metastases may develop from different progenitor cells. However, as with the primary tumor, the origin of metastases is unimportant since the process of tumor evolution and progression can generate biological diversity within and among different metastatic foci.
无论肿瘤起源于单细胞还是多细胞，肿瘤的演变和进展过程都能迅速产生生物多样性。转移是由原发肿瘤内特定细胞亚群的存活和增殖导致的。转移灶可能起源于克隆，不同的转移灶可能由不同的祖细胞发展而来。然而，与原发肿瘤一样，转移灶的起源并不重要，因为肿瘤的演变和进展过程能够在不同的转移灶内部和之间产生生物多样性。
