Renvall U, Aniansson G, Lidén G
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 1982 Aug;4(3):245-50. doi: 10.1016/0165-5876(82)90006-4.
The 'healthy-baby-clinics' in Göteborg, as in all Sweden, test all 4-year-olds with pure tone screening (failure criterion greater than 20 dB). Those who fail are referred to an oto-audiological health center. In an effort to prevent over-referrals of false positives as well as under-referrals of false negatives all referred children in this study have been tested with pure tone audiometry supplemented by tympanometry. At the oto-audiological health center a test program including 3 tests with intervals of 6 weeks was initiated. Failure criteria were middle ear pressure less than - 150 mm H2O and hearing loss (HL) in the frequency range 0.125-8 kHz greater than 20 dB. In Göteborg (430,000 inhabitants) 5928 4-year-olds were tested at the 'healthy-baby-clinics' during 1980. Of these 498 (8.4%) failed in pure tone screening, 248 of which are included in the present study. At the first check in our test program, which was performed 3-8 weeks after referral, only 45% of the children were abnormal. Of these 60% normalized during the test program. Thus of the ears referred following the pure tone screening at the 'healthy-baby-clinics' only 18% remained after 15-20 weeks for referral to an ENT-doctor.
哥德堡的“健康宝宝诊所”和瑞典各地一样，对所有4岁儿童进行纯音筛查（筛查标准为听力损失大于20分贝）。筛查未通过的儿童会被转介至耳科听力健康中心。为防止假阳性过度转介以及假阴性转介不足，本研究中所有被转介的儿童均接受了纯音听力测定，并辅以鼓室图检查。在耳科听力健康中心启动了一个测试项目，包括3次检查，每次间隔6周。筛查标准为中耳压力低于-150毫米水柱，以及在0.125-8千赫频率范围内听力损失大于20分贝。1980年期间，哥德堡（有43万居民）有5928名4岁儿童在“健康宝宝诊所”接受了测试。其中498名（8.4%）纯音筛查未通过，本研究纳入了其中的248名。在我们测试项目的首次检查中，即在转介后3-8周进行，只有45%的儿童结果异常。在这些异常儿童中，60%在测试项目期间恢复正常。因此，在“健康宝宝诊所”进行纯音筛查后被转介的儿童中，只有18%在15-20周后仍需转介至耳鼻喉科医生处。
