Cole R A, Jakimik J, Cooper W E
J Acoust Soc Am. 1978 Jul;64(1):44-56. doi: 10.1121/1.381955.
A series of experiments examined listeners' ability to detect mispronounced words in a short story. Mispronunciations were produced by changing a single consonant segment in a word to produce a (phonologically permissible) nonsense word. The results of six different experiments showed that prestressed work-initial stop consonants are more perceptible than other consonants. For example, mispronunciations produced by changing the voicing of a word-initial stop (e.g., "boy" to "poy") were detected about 70% of the time, while changes in voicing of a word-initial fricative (e.g., "voice" to "foice") were detected about 38% of the time. Mispronunciations produced by changing the place of articulation of a prestressed word-initial stop were most detectable of all (80% to 90% detection) for three different speakers. A change in place of articulation of a word-initial stop (e.g., "baby" to "daby") was detected as often as a change in both place of articulation and voicing (e.g., "baby" to "taby"). Finally, it was found that a mispronunciation was detected about twice as often in word-initial than in word-final position in one syllable words for both stops and nasals. The results suggest that listeners pay special attention to word-initial stop consonants in natural continuous speech.
一系列实验考察了听众在一篇短篇小说中检测发音错误单词的能力。发音错误是通过改变单词中的单个辅音片段来产生一个（语音上允许的）无意义单词。六个不同实验的结果表明，重读的词首塞音比其他辅音更易被察觉。例如，通过改变词首塞音的浊音（如将“boy”变为“poy”）产生的发音错误大约70%的情况下能被检测到，而词首擦音浊音的改变（如将“voice”变为“foice”）大约38%的情况下能被检测到。对于三位不同的说话者，通过改变重读词首塞音的发音部位产生的发音错误在所有情况中最易被检测到（检测率为80%至90%）。词首塞音发音部位的改变（如将“baby”变为“daby”）与发音部位和浊音两者都改变（如将 “baby”变为“taby”）被检测到的频率一样。最后发现对于塞音和鼻音，在单音节词中，词首位置的发音错误被检测到的频率大约是词尾位置的两倍。结果表明，在自然连续的语音中，听众会特别注意词首塞音。
