Monsen R B, Engebretson A M, Vemula N R
J Acoust Soc Am. 1978 Jul;64(1):65-80. doi: 10.1121/1.381957.
The contributions of vocal-fold tension and of subglottal air pressure to changing fundamental frequency F0 are indirectly assessed by comparing human glottal-source data with synthetic glottal waveforms generated by the Ishizaka-Flanagan two-mass model of vocal-fold vibration. In this model, synthetic male and female glottal waves may be generated with known values of subglottal air pressure and vocal-fold tension. Human glottal waves were recorded with a reflectionless tube into which ten male and female adults phonated. The subjects produced interrogative (rising F0) and declarative (falling F0) glides and trisyllabic words with primary stress on the initial, medial, or final syllable. Two types of change in the glottal wave over time are possible, depending on whether F0 is changed primarily by vocal-fold tension or by subglottal air pressure. Comparison of the natural and synthetic glottal waves indicates that (1) the rise of frequency in interrogative words is due principally to increasing vocal-fold tension, while (2) the fall of frequency in declarative words is due principally to decreasing subglottal air pressure; (3) in the polysyllabic words, the change of frequency within syllables resembles that of the declarative monosyllables and appears due primarily to changes of subglottal air pressure; and (4) the heightened f0 of the stressed syllable is due to an increase in the vocal-fold tension, typically accompanied by increased subglottal air pressure.
通过将人类声门源数据与由声带振动的石坂-弗拉纳根双质量模型生成的合成声门波形进行比较，间接评估声带张力和声门下气压对基频F0变化的贡献。在该模型中，可以用已知的声门下气压和声带张力值生成合成的男性和女性声门波。用无反射管记录了10名成年男性和女性发声时的人类声门波。受试者发出疑问（F0上升）和陈述（F0下降）滑音以及三音节词，重音在初始、中间或最后一个音节上。根据F0主要是由声带张力还是声门下气压改变，声门波随时间可能有两种变化类型。自然声门波与合成声门波的比较表明：（1）疑问词中频率的上升主要是由于声带张力增加，而（2）陈述词中频率的下降主要是由于声门下气压降低；（3）在多音节词中，音节内频率的变化类似于陈述单音节词，主要是由于声门下气压的变化；（4）重读音节的F0升高是由于声带张力增加，通常伴随着声门下气压升高。
