Mills J L, Harley E E, Reed G F, Berendes H W
JAMA. 1982 Nov 5;248(17):2148-51.
Recent evidence suggests that spermicides could be teratogenic. In this study, pregnant women provided data at their first prenatal visit on spermicide and other contraceptive exposures in each of the preceding 12 months. Data on malformations in their offspring were obtained by abstracting medical records. Among women practicing contraception before the last menstrual period but not after, the malformation rate in the offspring of spermicide users was no higher than in users of other methods. The same was true of women who continued to practice contraception after the last menstrual period. When malformations were examined by organ system and by individual defect, spermicide exposure again was not associated with an increased risk. Comparing spermicides by active ingredient with other methods of contraception revealed no increased risk of malformations for any compound. Controlling for age, time in pregnancy at which exposure data were collected, concentration of spermicides used, and other possible confounding factors did not alter the results. This study finds no association between maternal spermicide exposure before or after the last menstrual period and congenital malformations.
近期证据表明，杀精剂可能具有致畸性。在本研究中，孕妇在首次产前检查时提供了前12个月中每个月使用杀精剂及其他避孕措施的相关数据。通过提取医疗记录获取其后代畸形的数据。在末次月经前采取避孕措施但之后未采取的女性中，使用杀精剂的女性后代的畸形率并不高于使用其他避孕方法的女性。末次月经后仍继续采取避孕措施的女性情况也是如此。当按器官系统和个体缺陷检查畸形情况时，接触杀精剂同样未显示出风险增加。将不同活性成分的杀精剂与其他避孕方法进行比较，未发现任何一种化合物有致畸风险增加的情况。对年龄、收集接触数据时的孕周、所用杀精剂的浓度以及其他可能的混杂因素进行控制后，结果并未改变。本研究未发现末次月经前后孕妇接触杀精剂与先天性畸形之间存在关联。
