Finite-element-analysis and experimental investigation of stresses in a femur.

The state of stress of an intact femur was analysed using a three-dimensional finite element model. One of a pair of femora was used for determination of data for the 3-D model. The other was instrumented with 34 rosette strain gauges for experimental measurements. Good agreement of analytical and experimental data was achieved. For six modes of loading, the deflections and the principal and comparison stresses were determined and compared. The upper one third and the diaphysis of the femur are differently affected in their state of stress, by different modes of loading including simulation of the abductor muscles and the iliotibial tract. For qualitative stress studies of the diaphysis, loading by a single force on the femoral head parallel to the shaft axis may be adequate.