Ziel H K
Obstet Gynecol. 1982 Oct;60(4):509-15.
Data reported since 1975 indicate that the natural hormone estrogen may act as a carcinogen when unopposed by an adequate amount of progesterone. Carcinogenesis may proceed when it is present at a high level for a short time. It is generally accepted that 3 groups of women have been at risk of developing cancer from exogenous estrogen exposure: 1) women who took sequential oral contraceptives; 2) post-menopausal women who received estrogen replacement therapy; 3) girls with ovarian dysgenesis who received unopposed estrogen therapy at puberty. Similarly, 4 groups of women appear to be at risk of developing cancer form endogenous estrogen sources: 1) women with granulosa-cell or theca-cell ovarian tumors; 2) anovulatory women; 3) obese postmenopausal women; 4) women with liver disease. The falling incidence of endometrial cancer associated with diminished estrogen sales is the final proof of an association of estrogen exposure with development of disease.
自1975年以来报告的数据表明，天然激素雌激素在未受到足够量孕激素拮抗时可能会起到致癌物的作用。当它在短时间内处于高水平时，可能会引发癌症。一般认为，有三组女性因接触外源性雌激素而有患癌风险：1）服用序贯口服避孕药的女性；2）接受雌激素替代疗法的绝经后女性；3）青春期接受无对抗雌激素治疗的卵巢发育不全女孩。同样，有四组女性似乎因内源性雌激素来源而有患癌风险：1）患有颗粒细胞瘤或卵泡膜细胞瘤的女性；2）无排卵女性；3）肥胖的绝经后女性；4）患有肝病的女性。与雌激素销量减少相关的子宫内膜癌发病率下降是雌激素暴露与疾病发展之间存在关联的最终证据。
