Davis J R, Tagliaferro A R, Roberts J S, Hill J O
Physiol Behav. 1982 Jul;29(1):135-40. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(82)90377-8.
The food intakes of male and female rats (Harvard strain) adapted to cold (5 degrees C) starting at weaning were studied in the cold and during reacclimation to 25 degrees C. Following 24 hr food deprivation, the male rats regained the weight they had lost without making up for the food they had missed (increased food efficiency), while the female rats ate 75% more food than they had missed in regaining their body weights (decreased food efficiency), independent of the temperature at which the animals were housed. On a high fat diet, both cold groups gained less weight than did the two control groups. However, each female group gained significantly less weight than its same temperature male group. Dietary-induced thermogenesis was significantly enhanced in male cold adapted rats 3 months after reacclimation to the zone of thermal neutrality but not in cold adapted female rats. Sex and strain differences are discussed. These data indicate that early chronic cold exposure results in both immediate and long-term changes in food efficiency and metabolism in adult rats, but the effects vary with the sex of the animal.
对从断奶起就适应寒冷环境（5摄氏度）的雄性和雌性哈佛品系大鼠在寒冷环境中以及重新适应25摄氏度环境期间的食物摄入量进行了研究。在禁食24小时后，雄性大鼠恢复了所丢失的体重，却并未弥补错过的食物量（食物效率提高），而雌性大鼠在恢复体重时所吃的食物量比弥补丢失量所需的多75%（食物效率降低），这与动物所处的环境温度无关。在高脂饮食情况下，两个寒冷组的体重增加均少于两个对照组。然而，每个雌性组的体重增加均显著少于相同温度下的雄性组。重新适应热中性区3个月后，雄性冷适应大鼠的饮食诱导产热显著增强，而雌性冷适应大鼠则未增强。文中讨论了性别和品系差异。这些数据表明，成年大鼠早期长期暴露于寒冷环境会导致食物效率和新陈代谢立即和长期的变化，但这些影响因动物性别而异。
