Hausman A J
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1982 Jul;58(3):315-30. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330580310.
The research presented here offers new information on the recent evolution of Khoisan populations of southern Africa through the new study of Holocene skeletons. When combined with subfossil and historical remains, these archeological specimens provide a skeletal record for the last 5000-9000 years of southern African prehistory. Multivariate statistical analyses of cranial measurements were used to determine patterns of morphological variation in the skeletal record with which hypotheses of biocultural evolution were tested. These analyses yielded the following results. First, the traditional distinction between Bushmen ad Hottentots holds for recent inland individuals. Second, there is a suggestion of a morphologically distinct San population living on the coast of South Africa. The idea of a "Strandloper" population suggested by early scholars is here revived. The third results is that there is little evidence of complete population succession on the coast of South Africa,, suggesting that there were to massive population movements associated with the spread of Hottentot pastoralism throughout southern Africa.
本文所呈现的研究通过对全新世骨骼的新研究，提供了有关南部非洲科伊桑人群近期演化的新信息。当与亚化石和历史遗迹相结合时，这些考古标本为南部非洲过去5000至9000年的史前史提供了骨骼记录。对颅骨测量数据进行多变量统计分析，以确定骨骼记录中的形态变异模式，并据此检验生物文化演化假说。这些分析得出了以下结果。第一，对于近期内陆个体而言，布须曼人和霍屯督人的传统区分依然成立。第二，有迹象表明在南非海岸生活着一个形态上有明显差异的桑人群体。早期学者提出的“海滨人”群体的概念在此得以复兴。第三个结果是，几乎没有证据表明南非海岸存在完全的人口更替，这表明与霍屯督人游牧生活方式在南部非洲传播相关的大规模人口迁移并不存在。
