Revision total knee arthroplasty.

The most frequent reasons for revision of total knee arthroplasty are loosening, instability, and abnormal axial alignment. Failure to obtain appropriate component orientation, axial alignment, and soft tissue balance predisposes the implants to loosening and failure. The use of minimally constrained prostheses and careful attention to the technique are essential. Revision surgery may be successful in approximately two-thirds of the knees.