Orpen C
J Human Stress. 1982 Jun;8(2):8-14. doi: 10.1080/0097840X.1982.9936847.
The relations between three types of role stress (role ambiguity, role conflict, role overload) and three measures of individual strain were examined in a sample of 91 middle managers. Separate measures of psychological strain (anxiety, resentment, depression), physical strain (headaches, dizziness, shortage of breath, nausea, fatigue) were developed. In addition, the heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate of each subject was assessed. The relations between role conflict and physical strain and between role conflict and psychological strain were significantly positive and higher among Type A personalities than among Type B personalities. The relations between role stress and heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate were negligible and were not moderated by personality (Type A or Type B). The results highlight the important role of personality factors in determining how people react to different kinds of stress.
在一个由91名中层管理人员组成的样本中，研究了三种角色压力（角色模糊、角色冲突、角色过载）与三种个体压力指标之间的关系。分别制定了心理压力（焦虑、怨恨、抑郁）和身体压力（头痛、头晕、呼吸急促、恶心、疲劳）的测量方法。此外，还评估了每个受试者的心率、血压和呼吸频率。角色冲突与身体压力以及角色冲突与心理压力之间的关系呈显著正相关，且在A型人格中比在B型人格中更为明显。角色压力与心率、血压和呼吸频率之间的关系微不足道，且不受人格类型（A型或B型）的影响。研究结果突出了人格因素在决定人们如何应对不同类型压力方面的重要作用。
