Glucocorticoid metabolism in human placenta, decidua, myometrium and fetal membranes.

The metabolism of cortisone (E) and cortisol (F) by human placenta, decidua, myometrium, chorion and amnion during pregnancy was studied in vitro. Early pregnancy, midpregnancy and term placentae metabolized F efficiently yielding E as the major product. The capacity of the placenta to inactivate F to E was observed as early as the 8th week of pregnancy and there was a significantly higher (P less than 0.001) net production of E in early pregnancy placenta than in term placenta. In contrast to the placenta, midpregnancy and term decidua metabolized mainly E to F with a net production of F. Term chorion demonstrated an equal degree of oxidative and reductive glucocorticoid metabolism while term amnion and myometrium had negligible metabolic activity. Thus the net production of F from E by the decidual membrane unit is due to metabolic activity in the decidua as early as the 13th week of pregnancy and not to activity in the fetal membranes.