Herzog C, Just M
Soz Praventivmed. 1982 Sep;27(4):197-204. doi: 10.1007/BF02095321.
This review discusses the indications for the routine immunizations covered by the Swiss "Immunization Schedule 1981" (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, BCG), as well as the indications for special immunizations (hepatitis B, influenza, pneumococci, rabies, tickencephalitis) and for the immunisations for travellers (cholera, yellow fever, meningococci, typhoid fever). Vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella should be given to girls and boys at the age of 18 (to 24) months as a combined injection. In view of the low prevalence of tuberculosis BCG vaccination is justifiable only at school leaving age, if at all. The indications for influenza and pneumococcal vaccines are still limited, the value of a general vaccination of all over 65 year old individuals is not proven for either vaccine. A nationwide vaccination campaign against hepatitis B was started early this year with a newly licensed vaccine for all population groups at risk. Only HDC-vaccines should be used for immunisation against rabies. The newly licensed, highly protective oral attenuated live typhoid vaccine will probably replace the parenteral typhoid vaccine.
本综述讨论了瑞士《1981年免疫接种计划》涵盖的常规免疫接种(白喉、破伤风、百日咳、脊髓灰质炎、麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、卡介苗)的适应证,以及特殊免疫接种(乙型肝炎、流感、肺炎球菌、狂犬病、蜱传脑炎)和旅行者免疫接种(霍乱、黄热病、脑膜炎球菌、伤寒热)的适应证。针对麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹的疫苗接种应在18(至24)个月大的女孩和男孩中作为联合注射进行。鉴于结核病患病率较低,卡介苗接种仅在离校年龄(如有必要)时才合理。流感疫苗和肺炎球菌疫苗的适应证仍然有限,尚未证明对所有65岁以上人群进行普遍接种这两种疫苗的价值。今年年初启动了一项全国性的乙型肝炎疫苗接种运动,使用一种新获得许可的疫苗针对所有高危人群。仅应使用人二倍体细胞狂犬病疫苗进行狂犬病免疫接种。新获得许可的、高度保护性的口服减毒活伤寒疫苗可能会取代注射用伤寒疫苗。