Walter C W
Med Instrum. 1978 May-Jun;12(3):149-57.
Eighty percent of postoperative wound infections result from bacteria acquired elsewhere than in the operating room. Concomitant infections--such as dermatitis; periodontitis; infections of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, or urinary tracts--are not identified preoperatively, despite a threat to the patient greater than that of anesthesia and surgery combined. Isolation of overt infection is neglected. The entire hospital becomes a reservoir of bacterial debris that is reflected in the carriage of pathogens by personnel and patients. Infections are often initiated by medical devices that invade the vascular system, respiratory tract, or urinary bladder. Professional leadership at the bedside is the key to detecting and correcting breaches in technique and setting an example of a philosophy of total patient care.
80%的术后伤口感染是由手术室以外获得的细菌引起的。尽管合并感染（如皮炎、牙周炎、呼吸道、胃肠道或泌尿道感染）对患者的威胁大于麻醉和手术的威胁总和，但术前并未识别出来。显性感染的隔离被忽视了。整个医院成为细菌碎片的储存库，这反映在医护人员和患者携带病原体上。感染通常由侵入血管系统、呼吸道或膀胱的医疗设备引发。床边的专业领导力是发现和纠正技术漏洞以及树立全面患者护理理念榜样的关键。
