Minton J P
Cancer. 1982 Dec 1;50(11 Suppl):2624-6.
Three factors dictate the long-term clinical outcome of colon and rectal cancer surgery: (1) the biological characteristics of the malignancy; (2) the stage of the tumor; and (3) a combination of meticulous pre- and postoperative care with a skillfully performed surgical procedure which accomplished the complete removal of the primary malignancy and its regional lymphatic, as well as transmitted and vascular spread when feasible. The postoperative follow-up should include a comparison of the preoperation CEA value with monthly CEA determinations done every month for the first two years and every three months for the next three years. Two of three recurrences occur in the first two years and nine of ten recurrences occur before five years. After five years, and annual colonoscopy or barium enema plus CEA and careful physical examination will help detect the second primary which will occur more often in these patients than in a normal population.
（1）恶性肿瘤的生物学特性；（2）肿瘤分期；（3）精心的术前和术后护理与熟练实施的手术相结合，该手术要在可行的情况下实现对原发性恶性肿瘤及其区域淋巴结以及转移和血管扩散的彻底清除。术后随访应包括将术前癌胚抗原（CEA）值与术后第一年每月、接下来三年每三个月测定的CEA值进行比较。三分之二的复发发生在头两年，十分之九的复发发生在五年前。五年后，每年进行结肠镜检查或钡灌肠检查，同时检测CEA并进行仔细的体格检查，这将有助于发现这些患者中比正常人群更易发生的第二原发性肿瘤。
