Boukydis C F, Burgess R L
Child Dev. 1982 Oct;53(5):1291-8.
This article describes research on adult physiological and self-report response to audiotapes of infants' cries. 3 groups were studied: nonparents, primiparous parents, and multiparous parents. The tapes consisted of cries ordered (difficult, average, easy) according to sound spectrographic features and infant temperament ratings. While nonparents and multiparous parents showed the expected order in arousal levels (difficult infant cries highest, easy infant cries lowest), primiparous parents had highest levels to average infant cries. Overall, primiparous parents had highest levels of arousal, nonparents next, and multiparous parents least. There were no gender differences in arousal. Difficult infant cries received higher irritation and spoiled ratings; were rated as more grating, arousing, piercing, etc.; were less similar to own infants' cries; and were said to be caused more frequently by frustration, etc., rather than routine physical discomfort. Fathers had higher irritation and spoiled ratings, and lower care for ratings, than mothers. The relationship of these data to own infant temperament ratings was also assessed.
本文描述了关于成年人对婴儿哭声录音的生理和自我报告反应的研究。研究了三组对象：非父母、初为人父母者和多子女父母。这些录音带包含根据声谱特征和婴儿气质评分排序（难、中等、易）的哭声。虽然非父母和多子女父母在唤醒水平上呈现出预期的顺序（难的婴儿哭声引发的唤醒水平最高，易的婴儿哭声引发的唤醒水平最低），但初为人父母者对中等难度的婴儿哭声的唤醒水平最高。总体而言，初为人父母者的唤醒水平最高，非父母次之，多子女父母最低。在唤醒方面不存在性别差异。难的婴儿哭声获得了更高的烦躁和厌烦评分；被评为更刺耳、更能引起唤醒、更尖锐等；与自己婴儿的哭声不太相似；并且据说更常由挫折等原因引起，而不是常规的身体不适。父亲比母亲有更高的烦躁和厌烦评分，以及更低的关心评分。还评估了这些数据与自己婴儿气质评分的关系。
