Research on environmental N-nitroso compounds in the USSR.

Food samples from various parts of the USSR have been analysed for volatile N-nitrosamines (NA). The results are comparable to data published elsewhere. Kilning of malt with direct combustion gases accounts for the presence of NA in beer. NA have been found in city air, diesel exhausts and in a rubber factory. Vulcanized rubber contains NDMA and NMOR. Nitrosoproline has been determined in a variety of foodstuffs. Variations of nitrate contents in vegetables due to mineral fertilizers and some herbicides are reported. A steady increase of average nitrate concentrations in vegetables has been observed in Estonia over a period of 12 years. Precursors of NA have been found in water (Moldavia), and soil (Moscow district and Tshuvash republic). Nitramines can be formed in vivo from NA, and vice versa. Formation of NDMA from aminopyrine has been inhibited under gastric conditions by properly composed meals. Numerous food components have been studied as nitrite scavengers. Modifications of analytical methods for NA have been proposed. Four laboratories in the USSR are equipped with the Thermal Energy Analyzer.