Olshan A F, Siegel A F, Swindler D R
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1982 Oct;59(2):131-7. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330590203.
A method is presented for the description and analysis of cephalofacial form and growth using two-dimensional coordinate data. The procedure permits the identification of shape differences at specific cephalofacial coordinate locations without reliance upon conventional cephalometric landmarks. The resulting size-standardized coordinates can be analyzed by statistical methods for further data exploration. Two methods of shape transformation--least-squares and robust fitting--are described and compared. An example of the utility of the technique for cephalofacial growth studies is provided.
