D'Mello G D, Stolerman I P
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1978 Sep;9(3):395-8. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(78)90304-0.
Amphetamine is a potent and very effective drug for conditioning taste aversions, but much less is known about the possible effects of flavour-amphetamine pairings on aspects of behaviour other than eating and drinking. Rats were trained to press bars for water reinforcers delivered on a fixed-interval one-min schedule. Flavoured reinforcers were then substituted for the water and post-session injections of amphetamine (1 mg/kg) were given. Even a single flavour-amphetamine pairing produced some disruption of responding for that flavour, whereas 3 pairings almost completely suppressed responding (both bar-pressing and drinking). In the same rats, flavours paired with saline injections did not suppress responding. Amphetamine (1mg/kg) injected before sessions of responding for plain water disrupted the temporal pattern of fixed interval responding without affecting the total numbers of bar-presses or the amounts of liquid consumed. Omitting primary reinforcement (water) throughout a single session also failed to suppress responding. The conditioned effects of the flavour were therefore different from the effects of either the unconditioned stimulus (amphetamine) or of an extinction procedure.
苯丙胺是一种用于建立味觉厌恶条件反射的强效且非常有效的药物，但对于味道与苯丙胺配对对饮食以外行为方面的可能影响，人们了解得要少得多。训练大鼠按压杠杆以获取按固定间隔1分钟时间表提供的水强化物。然后用有味道的强化物替代水，并在实验结束后注射苯丙胺（1毫克/千克）。即使仅一次味道与苯丙胺的配对也会对该味道的反应产生一些干扰，而三次配对几乎完全抑制了反应（包括按压杠杆和饮水）。在相同的大鼠中，与注射生理盐水配对的味道并未抑制反应。在对纯水的反应实验前注射苯丙胺（1毫克/千克）会扰乱固定间隔反应的时间模式，但不影响按压杠杆的总数或消耗的液体量。在单个实验过程中省略初级强化物（水）也未能抑制反应。因此，味道的条件作用效应不同于无条件刺激（苯丙胺）或消退程序的效应。
