Subglottic stenosis.

The incidence of subglottic stenosis has greatly increased in recent years due to cricothyrotomy, high tracheotomy, trauma due to intubation and endoscopy, and radiation therapy. Acute and subacute subglottic stenoses are approached by direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, injected with steroids and granulation tissue removed with cautery or laser. Chronic subglottic stenoses are treated surgically after insertion of an endotracheal tube.