Spaans F, Wilts G
J Neurol Sci. 1982 Dec;57(2-3):291-305. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(82)90036-3.
Electromyographic examination of 10 patients with severe cerebral contusion revealed profuse fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves in many muscles, proximal as well as distal, sometimes also in the paraspinal musculature. In some cases complete denervation of a muscle was found. It appeared that these findings were not due to plexus lesions or spinal root avulsions, but that they were caused by the lesion of the central nervous system. In 10 patients with slight concussion no spontaneous activity was found. Fibrillation potentials and positive sharp waves occurred in the paretic limbs in 20 out of 21 patients with hemisyndromes due to cerebrovascular accidents. The spontaneous activity appeared after 2-3 weeks (as in peripheral nerve lesions) and disappeared or diminished considerably within 6 months. The denervation caused by the central lesion was attended by normal motor and sensory nerve conduction (apart from disturbed motor conduction to totally denervated and subsequently reinnervated muscles). It is concluded that lesions of the central nervous system may cause a dysfunction of anterior horn cells which leads to axonal degeneration, probably in the form of a dying-back process. Apparently in the majority of the anterior horn cells this dysfunction is temporary, so that axonal regeneration and reinnervation soon take place.
对10例重度脑挫伤患者进行的肌电图检查显示，许多肌肉（近端和远端），有时也包括椎旁肌肉组织中出现大量纤颤电位和正锐波。在某些病例中，发现某块肌肉完全失神经支配。这些发现似乎并非由于神经丛病变或脊神经根撕脱所致，而是由中枢神经系统病变引起的。在10例轻度脑震荡患者中未发现自发活动。在21例因脑血管意外导致半身综合征的患者中，有20例在瘫痪肢体出现纤颤电位和正锐波。自发活动在2 - 3周后出现（如同周围神经病变），并在6个月内消失或显著减少。中枢病变引起的失神经支配伴有正常的运动和感觉神经传导（除了向完全失神经支配并随后重新获得神经支配的肌肉的运动传导受到干扰外）。得出的结论是，中枢神经系统病变可能导致前角细胞功能障碍，进而导致轴突变性，可能是以回返性死亡过程的形式。显然，在大多数前角细胞中，这种功能障碍是暂时的，因此轴突再生和重新获得神经支配很快就会发生。
