Klich R J
J Speech Hear Res. 1982 Dec;25(4):574-80. doi: 10.1044/jshr.2504.574.
This experiment was designed to investigate the relationships of listener ratings of breathiness to vowel duration, speaking rate, and the relative energy in three frequency ranges (100-500, 1500-2500, and 3500-4500 Hz) in vowel spectra. The effects of vowel SPL also were considered. Listeners used a seven-point equal-appearing interval scale to rate a sentence spoken by each of 10 young adult females in each of four voice qualities: normal speech, mildly breathy, severely breathy, and whisper. Significant Pearson correlations to the ratings were found only for mean SPL and the relative energy in the 100-500 and 3500-4500 Hz ranges. After the effects of mean SPL were accounted for in partial correlation and multiple regression analyses, all vowel parameters were related significantly to the mean ratings. The partial correlations for vowel duration were as high as those for the three frequency ranges. Vowel duration may be as important as spectral characteristics of vowels when breathiness is judged from samples of connected discourse.
本实验旨在研究听众对呼吸声的评分与元音时长、语速以及元音频谱中三个频率范围（100 - 500赫兹、1500 - 2500赫兹和3500 - 4500赫兹）内的相对能量之间的关系。同时也考虑了元音声压级（SPL）的影响。听众使用七点等距量表对10名年轻成年女性以四种语音质量说出的句子进行评分，这四种语音质量分别为：正常语音、轻度呼吸声、重度呼吸声和低语。结果发现，仅平均声压级以及100 - 500赫兹和3500 - 4500赫兹范围内的相对能量与评分存在显著的皮尔逊相关性。在偏相关和多元回归分析中考虑了平均声压级的影响后，所有元音参数均与平均评分显著相关。元音时长的偏相关性与三个频率范围的偏相关性一样高。当从连贯语篇样本中判断呼吸声时，元音时长可能与元音的频谱特征同样重要。
