Ahlendorf W, Thon G
Z Erkr Atmungsorgane. 1978 Apr;151(1):42-6.
The trade of pottery was practised already in antiquity. This very old art had culmination points of its artistic performance in several epochs. The ornamentation of the body of the ware by glazing came in use in Germany (Rhine Territory) in the 12th century. The raw material applied were plastic argils baking with colour, at that time just as now. After dressing with water the plastic material was shaped to the most different objects. It was done, either off-hand or by the aid of the potter's wheel. Dust is developing when the argils are crushed representing a danger to health if technical control of the dust is not made effective. Wearing respiratory protection apparatuses is sufficient in shorttime work but must be regularly checked according to our experience. In the production of earthenware relatively high concentrations of dust occur only temporarily, but in very few cases they may cause silicosis. Among the 35 cases of silicosis in potters observed by the different special services for prophylaxis and control of dust 25 developed by exposition in plants of the GDR. 8 of the 10 diseased persons with exposition in plants outside the GDR had worked as potters in Bunzau (Silesia). The danger of silicosis is by for less than in the porcelain industry; it can be prevented by keeping clean the places of employment. This low danger is proven also by the very long exposition time of 30--40 years in average.
陶器贸易在古代就已存在。这项古老的艺术在几个时期都有其艺术表现的巅峰。12世纪时，德国（莱茵地区）开始使用在陶器表面上釉的装饰方法。当时和现在一样，所使用的原材料是可塑的、烧制时会变色的黏土。用水调和后，这种可塑性材料被制作成各种不同的物品。这可以通过手工完成，也可以借助陶轮。黏土被碾碎时会产生粉尘，如果对粉尘的技术控制措施无效，就会对健康构成威胁。根据我们的经验，在短时间工作中佩戴呼吸防护设备就足够了，但必须定期检查。在陶器生产过程中，相对较高浓度的粉尘只是暂时出现，但在极少数情况下可能会导致矽肺病。在不同的粉尘预防和控制专门机构观察到的35例陶工矽肺病病例中，有25例是在民主德国的工厂中因接触粉尘而患病的。在民主德国境外工厂接触粉尘的10名患病者中，有8人曾在布恩扎乌（西里西亚）当过陶工。矽肺病的风险远低于瓷器行业；保持工作场所清洁就可以预防。平均30至40年的很长接触时间也证明了这种低风险。
