Tellenbach H
Z Klin Psychol Psychother. 1978;26(2):142-8.
The relations of the individual to others and to the family are understood by the concepts "intersubjective" and "interfamiliar". This "inter" is always the origin of the relations of subjects. The "inter" is a reality which is of an atmospheric pneumatic nature respectively. Its creative power and its primateship for the word is clarified by a selection of examples from oriental and occidental cultures. On the other hand, the relations of the individual is determined by norms, in which the "objektive Geist" (Hegel) of a time is manifested. The individual is in this relation first of all a carrier of roles. A conditional analysis of psychotic disturbances has to proceed from a conception that the individual's psyche in both spheres, is not a "tabula rasa" (Locke), but always already conveys a selection of that which has been offered in the situation (Leibniz). Out of this result constellations of a conditional nature for the development of endogenous psychoses, exhibiting themselves in the Inter-shere and Role-sphere. These can only develop where a coherence of specific personality-structures with specific situations are present. What makes such situations pathogenic, is all a specific inference of meaning from peristatic precipitations. It is this that makes a situation into what it actually is for a certain type.
个体与他人以及与家庭的关系可以通过“主体间性”和“家庭间性”的概念来理解。这种“间”始终是主体间关系的起源。“间”分别是一种具有氛围性、精神性的现实。通过从东方和西方文化中选取一些例子,可以阐明它的创造力及其在语言方面的首要地位。另一方面,个体的关系由规范所决定,一个时代的“客观精神”(黑格尔)在这些规范中得以体现。在这种关系中,个体首先是角色的承载者。对精神障碍的条件性分析必须从这样一种观念出发,即个体在这两个领域的心理并非一块“白板”(洛克),而是始终已经传达了对情境中所呈现内容的一种选择(莱布尼茨)。由此得出内源性精神病发展的条件性本质的各种组合,它们在主体间领域和角色领域中表现出来。这些组合只有在特定的人格结构与特定情境存在连贯性的地方才会发展。使此类情境具有致病性的,完全是从静态沉淀物中得出的特定意义推断。正是这一点使得一种情境对于某一特定类型而言成为其实际所是的样子。