Kraus A
Z Klin Psychol Psychother. 1978;26(2):149-60.
The social behavior of manic-depressives shows a specific structure of identity, whose consequences for the onset and course of manic-depressive psychosis are investigated. Besides in interactional conduct, group behavior, orientation in values etc. we are mainly interested in the behavior of manic-depressives in social roles. From the point of view of role theory the social behavior especially of monopolar depressives could be described as hypernomic, as it shows an extreme conformity with norms. Situations of opposing or competitive role demands, opposing norms and values therefore are very difficult for manic-depressives to handle. The preponderance of their role identities results in an atrophy of ego-identity and in an increasing dependence on their social roles. This explains why not only the loss but even the endangering of their social roles may result in psychotic states that here are interpreted as crisis of identity.
躁郁症患者的社会行为呈现出一种特定的身份结构，本文将探讨这种结构对躁郁症精神病发作和病程的影响。除了互动行为、群体行为、价值取向等方面，我们主要关注躁郁症患者在社会角色中的行为。从角色理论的角度来看，单极抑郁症患者的社会行为尤其可以被描述为超规范的，因为它表现出对规范的极端顺从。因此，对于躁郁症患者来说，面对相反或竞争的角色要求、相悖的规范和价值观的情况是非常难以应对的。他们角色身份的优势导致自我身份的萎缩以及对社会角色的日益依赖。这就解释了为什么不仅社会角色的丧失，甚至社会角色受到威胁都可能导致精神状态的异常，在这里被解释为身份危机。
