Spilich G J, Voss J F
Exp Aging Res. 1982 Fall-Winter;8(3-4):147-51. doi: 10.1080/03610738208260272.
The purpose of the study was to assess contextual effects upon text memory for young, aged-normal, and aged memory-impaired individuals. Subjects read short passages which differed in their contextual relatedness to target sentences, and then recalled those target sentences. It was found that large differences distinguished the performance of the young from the elderly on the free recall task; that cueing aided the performance of the young and the elderly-normal more than the aged-impaired; and lastly, that no differences were found in recognition performance between young and aged normals whereas the performance of the aged-impaireds was significantly poorer than either the young or the aged-normal group. The results were interpreted in light of two hypothetical mechanisms; the first is labeled "normal" aging and the second, "pathological" aging.
该研究的目的是评估情境对年轻人、正常老年人和记忆受损老年人文本记忆的影响。受试者阅读了与目标句子情境相关性不同的短文，然后回忆那些目标句子。研究发现，在自由回忆任务中，年轻人和老年人的表现存在巨大差异；提示对年轻人和正常老年人表现的帮助比对记忆受损老年人的帮助更大；最后，年轻人和正常老年人在识别表现上没有差异，而记忆受损老年人的表现明显比年轻人或正常老年人组差。研究结果根据两种假设机制进行了解释；第一种被称为“正常”衰老，第二种被称为“病理性”衰老。
