Contextual effects upon text memory for young, aged-normal, and aged memory-impaired individuals.

The purpose of the study was to assess contextual effects upon text memory for young, aged-normal, and aged memory-impaired individuals. Subjects read short passages which differed in their contextual relatedness to target sentences, and then recalled those target sentences. It was found that large differences distinguished the performance of the young from the elderly on the free recall task; that cueing aided the performance of the young and the elderly-normal more than the aged-impaired; and lastly, that no differences were found in recognition performance between young and aged normals whereas the performance of the aged-impaireds was significantly poorer than either the young or the aged-normal group. The results were interpreted in light of two hypothetical mechanisms; the first is labeled "normal" aging and the second, "pathological" aging.