Riggs K M, Wingfield A, Tun P A
Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02254.
Exp Aging Res. 1993 Apr-Jun;19(2):111-28. doi: 10.1080/03610739308253926.
Memory for speech in young and elderly adults was studied by varying speech rate and average predictability of prose passages (measured by a "cloze" procedure). Increased speech rate and decreased predictability yielded poorer memory performance on three retention measures (free recall, cued recall, and multiple-choice recognition), confirming passage predictability as a good predictor of empirical difficulty of a speech passage. Older adults recalled less than young adults on all three measures, with increasing speech rates producing special difficulty for the elderly subjects relative to the young. Although there was a suggestion that elderly subjects were less able to take advantage of passage predictability than the young in recall of very rapid speech, neither age group showed an interaction between passage predictability and speech rate. Results are discussed in terms of a simple extension of the complexity hypothesis to speech recall.
通过改变语速和散文段落的平均可预测性（通过“补缺”程序测量），对年轻人和老年人的言语记忆进行了研究。语速增加和可预测性降低导致在三种记忆测量（自由回忆、线索回忆和多项选择识别）上的记忆表现较差，这证实了段落可预测性是言语段落实证难度的良好预测指标。在所有三种测量中，老年人的回忆都比年轻人少，语速增加给老年受试者相对于年轻人带来了特别的困难。尽管有迹象表明，在回忆非常快的言语时，老年受试者比年轻人更难以利用段落的可预测性，但两个年龄组在段落可预测性和语速之间均未表现出交互作用。根据复杂性假设对言语回忆的简单扩展来讨论结果。
