Lewis E, Kurtz A B, Dubbins P A, Wapner R J, Goldberg B B
J Ultrasound Med. 1982 Sep;1(7):265-70. doi: 10.7863/jum.1982.1.7.265.
Using real-time ultrasonography, the normal fetal adrenal glands can be consistently imaged after 30 weeks of gestational life. It was found that the normal fetal adrenals had specific size, shape, and echogenicity and could be consistently separated from the adjacent kidneys. The long axis of the adrenal gland had a range of 14 to 22 mm, compared with a range of renal lengths of 27 to 42 mm, with a ratio of the long axes of fetal adrenal to fetal kidney of .48 to .66. These figures compare favorably with dimensions of the adrenals and kidneys found in newborn autopsies. Since certain in utero abnormalities change the size and shape of normal fetal adrenal glands, these data should serve as a reference to evaluate adrenal disturbances. In addition, it would be expected that failure to image either the kidney or adrenal gland after 30 weeks would strongly imply abnormality in that gland.
使用实时超声检查，在妊娠30周后可始终如一地对正常胎儿肾上腺进行成像。研究发现，正常胎儿肾上腺具有特定的大小、形状和回声性，并且能够始终如一地与相邻的肾脏区分开来。肾上腺的长轴范围为14至22毫米，而肾脏长度范围为27至42毫米，胎儿肾上腺与胎儿肾脏长轴之比为0.48至0.66。这些数据与新生儿尸检中发现的肾上腺和肾脏尺寸相比很有利。由于某些子宫内异常会改变正常胎儿肾上腺的大小和形状，这些数据应作为评估肾上腺紊乱的参考。此外，可以预期，在30周后未能对肾脏或肾上腺成像将强烈暗示该腺体存在异常。
